At the same time, the top of our 40-segment tree will move forward 40 inches, enough to overcome its 3-foot back lean. If you raise the back edge of the lowest segment one inch, you will move its front edge one inch forward. Thus, the 60-foot-tall tree with an 18-inch stump diameter has 40 segments (720 inches divided by 18 inches equals 40). The stump diameter is used to determine the number of segments in the tree one segment is a section of the tree with a height equal to the stump diameter. Next, figure the diameter of the stump by measuring from the front of the hinge to the back edge of the tree (see illustration). In the 60-foot-tall tree at right, the back lean is three feet. The weight of the tree must be brought over this pivot point before the tree will fall. The apex will be the front of the hinge and the pivot point for the falling stem. The back lean is the distance from this point along the intended direction of fall to the apex of the planned undercut. While standing away from the tree, at a position 90 degrees to the direction of fall, sight up to the top of the tree using a weighted string or an axe as a plumb and note the location on the ground. Once you have established the direction of fall, you can calculate the amount of back lean that must be overcome and the amount of lift necessary to do so through some simple calculations. A tree leaning away from the intended direction of fall has “back lean.” By using wedges and shims to lift the trunk off the stump, you can compensate for the back lean and bring the tree up and over in the intended direction. It is usually easiest to fell a tree in the direction that it’s leaning, but sometimes it’s necessary to fell it in the opposite direction.
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